Pathogen Analysis of NYSDOT Road-killed Deer Carcass Compost Facilities

 

Quarterly Progress Report #1

 

10/01/05 – 12/31/05

 

By:

Ellen Harrison

Jean Bonhotal

Mary Schwarz

 

Submitted to:

Elisabeth Kolb

NYSDOT Region 8

4 Burnett Boulevard

Poughkeepsie, NY 12603


Transportation Infrastructure Research Consortium (TIRC)

CWMI Quarterly Progress Report: 10/01/05 – 12/31/05

Pathogen Analysis of NYSDOT Road-killed Deer Carcass Compost Facilities

 

Task 1:    Select Pathogens for Study

Subtask 1.1

·        Teleconference in Ithaca on Sept 15, 2005

v     In attendance:

o       CWMI - Ellen Harrison, Jean Bonhotal and Mary Schwarz

o       Woods End Research Lab – Will Britton, Pam Storms

v     Purpose: to discuss the bacterial monitoring component of the Road kill composting project

·        A meeting was held on Sept 21, 2005 involving CWMI, Cornell Veterinary College faculty, the Technical Working Group (TWG) and Woods End Research Laboratory (WERL) to discuss pathogen monitoring. (see subtask 5.1 for details)

·        Follow-up consultation was held through contacts with EPA, USDA and faculty at Cornell University.

v     Pat Millner, USDA

v     Sue Stehman, Cornell University Veterinary College

v     Pat McDonough, Cornell University Veterinary College

v     Jim Smith, EPA

·        As a result of this research and consultation, these pathogens were selected for study:

v     Escherichia coli/Fecal coliforms

v     Fecal Streptococcus/Enterococci

v     Salmonella spp.

v     Mycobacterium avian paratuberculosis (MAP)

·        It was decided to use actual deer intestinal contents to measure the pathogens (all but MAP) to better represent pathogen kill in the compost piles. Use of intestinal contents allows for monitoring of real (vs. lab-reared) pathogens and provides a way to monitor at the time the piles are created and periodically throughout the composting period.

·        A summary of the rational for the selection of these pathogens has been prepared.

·        A test of the method of preparing sample bags with intestinal contents was done on Oct 12, 2005.  Contents were sent to Woods End Research Lab for pathogen analysis. 2 weeks later, bags were pulled from the test pile to see about recovery of the bags.  It was found that the deer intestinal contents were squeezed from the bag as it was pulled from the pile, so a decision was made to place the bags inside of wiffle balls to prevent the sample loss.

·        Arrangements were made to obtain Johnes positive manure (MAP) from the Johnes laboratory at the Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine.

 

Subtask 1.2

·        Literature on prevalence of pathogens in wildlife and on the conditions associated with their inactivation was located and reviewed.

·        All literature reviewed has been put into an electronic file (Endnote) and a draft summary of the findings is in progress.

 

Task 2:    Establish Compost Piles

Subtask 2.1

·        Working with the TWG, CWMI identified the locations for establishing the 3 pilot demonstration piles. The sites were chosen based on:

v     Availability of a suitable site

v     Availability of wood chips

v     Suitability of the location for demonstration programs

v     The commitment of one or more local DOT staff

v     Representation of different climatic areas of the state.

·        The following sites were chosen:

v     Watertown, NY

v     Cortland, NY

v     Highland, NY

 

Subtask 2.2

·        Pilot piles were built in Watertown and Cortland on Oct 31, 2005. NYSDOT field personnel were in attendance for training on how to build the piles.  Wood chips were from a pile kept on site at the respective DOT facilities.

·        The pilot pile in Highland was built on Nov 1, 2005. NYSDOT field personnel were in attendance for training on how to build the piles.  Wood chips were from a pile kept on site at the DOT.

·        Three replicate research piles were built and seeded with intestinal contents and MAP in sentinel bags on Nov 8, 2005 at the Cornell University compost site.  In order to obtain sufficient numbers of deer to build the 3 research piles, carcasses were brought to the Vet school the previous week and stored in a cooler.  Wood chips were obtained from Tompkins County public works facility on Bostwick Road.

·        Data loggers (Hobo) with 4 temperature probes were set up for all 6 piles to monitor the pile temperature in 3 different locations and the ambient temperature of the site.

 

Task 3:    Investigate Pathogen Concentrations and Compost Characteristics

Subtask 3.1

·        Woods End Research Laboratory (WERL) in Maine was selected to perform the pathogen analyses.

·        The Johnes laboratory at the Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine was selected to analyze the manure for Mycobacterium avian paratuberculosis.

 

Subtask 3.2

·        Replicate samples of wood chips were sampled from the 3 pilot piles and the 3 research piles when they were built and sent to WERL for pathogen analysis. A schedule has been established for compost sampling for months 3, 6, 9 and 12.

·        Temperature data from the data logger at the Cortland site was downloaded on Nov 7, 2005 to check on pile temperature.

·        DOT personnel at all pilot sites are taking occasional temperatures with a thermometer to monitor pile temperatures and are watching the data logger to make sure it is still working.

·        Day 0 intestinal contents were sampled (5 samples taken at random when preparing the bags to put in the carcasses) and sent to WERL for analysis.

·        Day 0 Johnes manure was sampled (9 samples taken at random when preparing the bags to put in the carcasses) and taken to Cornell’s Johnes lab for analysis.

·        Temperature data from the data loggers in the 3 research piles was downloaded on Nov 28, 2005 to check the pile temperatures before pulling bags.

·        Three intestinal content bags and 3 MAP bags were pulled from each of the three research piles on Nov 28, 2005 and sent to the appropriate laboratories for analysis of week 3 pathogens.

·        Three intestinal content bags and 3 MAP bags were pulled from each of the three research piles on Dec 19, 2005 and sent to the appropriate laboratories for analysis of week 6 pathogens.

 

Subtask 3.3

·        All data collected thus far (temperature and pathogen data) has been entered into Microsoft excel to be analyzed using statistical measures when all data has been collected.

 

 

Task 4:    Outreach and Guidance to Facilitate Implementation of Composting Road Kill Deer

Subtask 4.1

·        Video footage was taken during the construction of the pilot pile at Cortland

 

Subtask 4.2

·        DOT staff participated in the pile building at the pilot sites

 

 

Task 5:    Progress and Final Reports

Subtask 5.1

·        Meeting held in Ithaca on Sept 21, 2005

v     In attendance:

o       CWMI - Ellen Harrison, Jean Bonhotal and Mary Schwarz

o       Veterinary College - Beth Buckles, Susan Wade and Sue Stehman

o       DEC - Alan Woodard and Sally Rowland

o       ILR workplace health and safety - Nellie Brown

o       Woods End Research Lab – Will Britton

o       NYS DOT – Elisabeth Kolb and Kyle Williams

v     Purpose: to discuss the bacterial monitoring component of the Road kill composting project with NYSDOT

·        Meeting held in Albany at DOT on Oct 11, 2005

v     In attendance:

o       CWMI - Ellen Harrison and Jean Bonhotal

o       DEC - Alan Woodard and Sally Rowland

o       NYS DOT – Elisabeth Kolb, Kyle Williams, Pete Howard, John Rowan, Dennis Pawlicki and Tim Baker

o       NYS DOH - Dziewulski

v     Purpose: to discuss bacterial monitoring, site location, what is needed of who and sampling for the Road kill composting project with NYSDOT

·        Meeting scheduled for January 30, 2006 in Ithaca with DOT personnel to discuss findings so far and to have them present at the week 12 bag pulling.