Cornell Waste Management Institute

EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT

 

Table of Contents

Composting Resources

School and Youth Resources

Enviroshopping Resources

Waste Prevention Resources

Sewage Sludge Resources

Other Resources

Home Garden Use of Milorganite® - 2-page fact sheet addressing questions and answers about the use of dried sewage sludge material in the home garden. 2006 (http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/milorganite.pdf)

 

Compost Fact Sheet series. 2004-2006

Fact Sheet #1: Marketing Compost and Meeting Consumer Needs (http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/compostfs1.pdf)

Fact Sheet #2: Regulation and Certification of Composts (http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/compostfs2.pdf)

Fact Sheet #3: Improving and Maintaining Compost Quality (http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/compostfs3.pdf)

Fact Sheet #4: Testing Composts (http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/compostfs4.pdf)

Fact Sheet #5: Compost Bulking Materials (http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/compostfs5.pdf)

Fact Sheet #6: Compost Pads (http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/compostfs6.pdf)

Fact Sheet #7: Compost Equipment (http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/compostfs7.pdf)

Small Scale or Backyard Composting

This website provides links to educational resources aimed at both people interested in composting at their homes, schools, or business and others who want to promote small scale composting (http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/smallscalecomposting.htm).

Beautiful CWMI T-Shirts illustrating composting now available! Designed by Artbear Pigmation, Ithaca, NY.

Co-Composter Model

An Excel spreadsheet for the planning of co-composting systems for mixtures of dairy manure and other organic wastes. October 2001. View at http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/Compost/CoCompost.html. (http://compost.css.cornell.edu/CoCompost.html)

 

Composting Challenges and Solutions in New York State, Upstate Roundtables
In conjunction with the NYS Association of Reduction, Reuse & Recycling (NYSAR3) and Cornell Cooperative Extension, the Cornell Waste Management Institute convened four regional Roundtables on food scrap composting in upstate New York. 1999. 22 pg. View at: http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/PDFS/CompChal.pdf (or contact CWMI if unable to access).

Reducing the NYC Waste Stream: The Potential Role for Composting
Sponsored by the New York City Department of Sanitation, Bureau of Waste Prevention, Reuse and Recycling; the US EPA, Region 2 and CWMI, the Roundtable considered the potential for composting of collected wastes to reduce the NYC waste stream. This report summarizes the discussion of experts in composting from around the US and Europe. 1998. Available free from CWMI, either in printed form or view at our web site at http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/WastRed/NYCRT2.html

COMPOST: Truth or Consequences (http://compost.css.cornell.edu/TorC.html)
Truth or Consequences is a video designed for people who would like to take the mystery out of home composting. It isn't complicated; using a few basic science concepts, we show how to avoid odors, achieve rapid decomposition, and even have the compost get hot. The information is presented in an informal, entertaining way to make learning about composting fun! The video teaches the science behind the solutions. Using a quiz show format to present common questions, it shows home composters learning how to provide the right conditions for composting without problems. 1998. 15 min. Video, $25. Also available with Master Composter Guide, below.

Master Composter Program Implementation Guide and Master Composter Resource Manual
This two-part manual provides the resources needed to create and implement a Master Composter program. Part 1, the "Master Composter Program Implementation Guide," is designed for staff developing and implementing a Master Composter Program within a community. It covers recruiting volunteers, responsibilities, and presents examples for community outreach and education programs.

Part 2, "Master Composter Resource Manual," is aimed at the Master Composter volunteer. This section describes the Master Composter Program, teaches the science of composting, illustrates methods for composting at home, including vermicomposting, and contains educational and outreach activities that can be conducted by Master Composters. 1998. $12. Also available as a package is a 15-minute video, "Compost: Truth or Consequences," both for $30.

Compost... because a rind is a terrible thing to waste!
Food Scrap Composting for Businesses and Institutions.
A manual and two videos designed to help implementation of source separation of food scraps and composting either on-site or elsewhere. They provide detailed guidance for institutions such as universities, hospitals, prisons, and adult homes; and for businesses like grocery stores or restaurants. The 65 page manual includes "how to" information and worksheets as well as descriptions of the experiences and cost savings realized in 9 case studies. A 30-minute video shows how source separation and composting are done at different businesses and institutions. The 7-minute video briefly covers the benefits of food scrap composting and can help educate decision-makers in businesses and institutions. 1996.

• Manual Only, $22.50 (174VCBRWMO)
• Manual & Both Videos, $35 (174VCBRWPK6)
• Manual & One Video, $30 (174VCBRWMVI)
• 30 min. Video Only, $22.50 (174VCBRWV1)
• 7 min. Video Only, $20 (174VCBRWV2)

MSW Composting Fact Sheet Series
A large fraction of municipal solid waste is organic matter which can be composted. This series of fact sheets, based on extensive literature reviews, summarizes the processes and major issues of composting mixed municipal wastes. 1992. View at: http://compost.css.cornell.edu/MSWFactSheets/msw.fs.toc.html. Titles include:

 

#1 Physical Processing

#2 Biological Processing

#3 Strategies for Separating Contaminants from Municipal Solid Waste Compost

#4 Potential Effects of Heavy Metals in Municipal Solid Waste Composts on Plants & the Environment

#5 Issues in Risk Assessment and Management/Worker Health & Safety

#6 Issues in Policy & Regulation

#7 Key Aspects of Compost Quality Assurance

Turning Over An Old Leaf: Municipal Yard Waste Composting, The 20% Solution
A video to help local officials and citizens understand how recycling yard waste through composting and chipping helps the environment and saves money. 1992. 7 min. Video. $23.25.

Recycling Yard Waste: A Tour of Community Programs
A video which shows four community composting and chipping programs in order to help communities see the options that are available. Covers the types of recyclable yard trimmings, the equipment and the space needed to obtain yields from both low and high intensity management sites. 1991. 35 min. Video. $26.25.

Cornell Composting web site
A web site providing access to a variety of composting educational materials and programs developed at Cornell University including an engineering-based analysis of composting systems, a series of slides and graphics, and a list of resources and contacts. http://compost.css.cornell.edu/Composting_homepage.html

Farm-Based Composting: Manure & More (NRAES-150)
A video that highlights 14 farm operations and 6 different composting technologies from low to high tech. Compost specific equipment, rent/lease equipment and high tech compost operations are also featured. 2001. 38 minute video. $19 (plus S&H).

 

Farm Waste Management Makes $ense (NRAES-111)
Increasing reliance on plastics and disposable containers on the farm has dramatically increased the volume of solid waste. The traditional practices of burning or burying on the farm are creating concern among lenders, neighbors, and farmers. This video describes the issues and economics related to dumping and disposing of solid wastes generated on the farm. It encourages waste reduction as well as off-site recycling and disposal. 1996. 9-min. video. $20. (plus S&H).

Composting to Reduce the Waste Stream: A Guide to Small Scale Food and Yard Waste Composting (NRAES-43)
This publication addresses small-scale composting of yard, garden, and vegetative food waste. Intended for home composters or those involved in educational programs to promote home composting, it includes plans for constructing nine different types of compost bins. 1991. 44 pp. $8 (plus S&H).

On-Farm Composting Handbook (NRAES-54)
This handbook presents a thorough overview of farm-scale composting and explains how to produce, use, and market compost. 1992. 186 pp. $25 (plus S&H).

School and Youth Resources

Composting in the Classroom: Scientific Inquiry for High School Students
A manual for teachers interested in using composting as a topic for scientific inquiry by high school students. Includes example research topics, guidelines for directing student research, and instructions for a wide variety of techniques related to compost science. 1998. Available online at http://compost.css.cornell.edu/CIC.html.

Composting in Schools: World Wide Web Site
This Web site explains how to make compost either indoors or outside, and it gives detailed information on the science of the composting process. It also includes articles about weird and unusual composting, frequently asked questions, a composting quiz, and bulletin boards for posting messages to other teachers or students. View at: http://compost.css.cornell.edu/schools.html

What about Waste?
Activities designed to introduce youth to a variety of subjects in environmental sciences. Available at: http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/WhataboutWaste.pdf.

Composting: Wastes to Resources
A guide for those who want to educate youth about composting. The packet includes an instructional guide, two posters, and eleven designs for compost systems. 1996. 36 pp. $8.95. Click here to order.

It's Gotten Rotten
This video is designed to introduce high school students to the science of composting. It focuses primarily on the biology of the invertebrates and microorganisms that decompose organic matter. Students are shown designing and using both indoor and outdoor composting systems, observing living organisms, and using finished compost to grow plants. 1996. 20 min. Video and 15 pp. Teacher's Guide. $26.25.

Life After the Curb: Recycling Processes
A video for youth which shows how materials are reprocessed into new products. It shows separation and recycling processes and end products for plastic, steel, aluminum, glass, and paper. Reasons to reduce, reuse, and recycle are covered, and ways to reuse materials are shown. 1990. 20 min. Video $23.25. Click here to order.

Recycling: Mining Resources From Trash
A resource packet for educators that shows what's in your trash can, what's made of recyclable materials, and where it should go. Includes activities for youth and 5 posters that illustrate waste composition and the products of recycling: aluminum, paper, glass, and plastic. 1990. 33 pp. and 5 posters. $8.

Trash Goes to School
More than 60 popular activities in solid waste education selected by educators as the best from many national curricula are broken into four grade levels: K-3, 4-6, 7-8, and 9-12. Educators and recycling coordinators can use this formatted text to prepare a program that uses waste management to teach diverse skills from language and science to art. It covers waste reduction, recycling, composting, incineration, landfilling, and the environment. Allows exercises to be customized with local facts. 1991. Available online at: http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/wmi/TrashGoesToSchool/TrashIntro.html.

Enviroshopping Resources

A Comparison of Methods for Evaluating "Environmental Choice" Packaging
An article from the Journal of Environmental Systems (v. 24 no. 1) in which four methods of ranking packaging choices are compared. 1995. 24 pp. Available free from CWMI or download the abstract (pdf file) at: http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/WastRed/JESabstract.html.

Waste Reduction Through Consumer Education
The report from a research project to determine how environmental educational strategies influence purchasing behavior in the supermarket. 200 pp. final report to NYS Energy Research & Development Authority, or 24 pp. Executive summary (http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/WastRed/NewWaste.html). 1996. Full report available free from CWMI.

Waste Prevention Resources

New York City Materials Exchange Roundtable Final Report
The New York City Department of Sanitation, Bureau of Waste Prevention, Reuse and Recycling; the US EPA, Region 2; and CWMI sponsored a Roundtable to provide a forum for materials exchange program sponsors from throughout the nation. The Final Report, produced by CWMI, summarizes issues critical to the success of materials exchange operations. 1998. Available free from CWMI, or view at: http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/WastRed/MatlExch.html

Waste Prevention Tools at Work
Commercial and institutional wastes accounts for about half of municipal solid waste. This manual/video resource packet will help solid waste officials, educators, recycling professionals, and businesses reduce the amount of solid waste generated by businesses, with a particular focus on retail, hospitality, and small office sectors. The 80-page manual includes waste assessment methods, cost evaluation information, and work sheets. 1994.

• Manual and 13-minute Video: $26.25
• Manual only: $16.50. Video only: $21

Waste Prevention: What, Why & How / Options for Waste Prevention
Fact Sheet and Viewpoint #4 Includes comments on financial incentives and disincentives, regulations, bans and requirements, education and facilitation, and the future for waste prevention. The fact sheet reviews the basics of waste prevention, including Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs). 1991. 8 pp. Download pdf file: http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/WastRed/factsheet4.pdf

Sewage Sludge Resources

Organic Chemicals in Sewage Sludges, by Ellen Harrison, et al. Science of the Total Environment. 2006. 367(2-3):481-4897. (http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/sludge/organicchemicals.pdf) For supplementary data associated with this paper go to our Sludge web page (http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/sludge.html).

Considerations for Dairy Farms Regarding Use of Sewage Sludges, Sludge Products and Septage
A 4-page summary (http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/Sludge/dairysludgesummary.pdf) and 20-page document (http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/Sludge/dairysludge.pdf) are provided to help dairy farmers and their advisors make informed decisions regarding the use of sewage sludges, sludge-based products and septage. November 2003

Comments by Ellen Z. Harrison on "Standards for the Use of Disposal of Sewage Sludge: Agency Response to the NRC Report on Biosolids Applied to Land and the Results of EPA's Review of Existing Sewage Sludge Regulations". July 2003 (http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/Sludge/Comments.pdf)

Biosolids Applied to Land: Advancing Standards and Practices, 2002 - Press Release

• Report published by the National Research Council of the National Academies. Contact NRC news office at 202/334-2138. CWMI has a limited supply.
• Two-page Summary, by the The National Academies, of the Biosolids Applied to Land: Advancing Standards and Practices.

Septage Quality and Its Effect on Field Life for Land Application by Ellen Z. Harrison and Molly Moffe. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 39:(1)87-97, 2003.

The Role of Municipalities in Regulating the Land Application of Sewage Sludges and Septage by Ellen Z. Harrison and Malaika M. Eaton. Natural Resources Journal, 41:1-7, 2001

Dioxins and Sludge Application

• Comments on Proposed EPA Standards for Dioxins in Land Applied Sludge - Cornell researchers submit comments pertaining to the proposed rule for dioxins in land applied sludges - 2002
• Review of Risk Assessment for Dioxin in Land Applied Sludges by Ellen Harrison - 1999

House Committee on Science Sludge Hearing - March 22, 2000

• Ellen Harrison's Testimony before House Committee on Science
• Research Needs Pertaining to Land Application of Sewage Sludges
• Desired Outcomes of Hearing
  

Investigations of Alleged Health Incidents

• Investigation of Alleged Health Incidents Associated with Land Application of Sewage Sludges, by Ellen Z. Harrison and Summer Rayne Oakes. New Solutions, Vol 12(4)387-408, 2002
• Clustering of Biosolid Land Application Reported Health Incidents by Locality, table compiled by CWMI of incidents and symptoms - 2003

New England Water and Wastewater News
"Moving Forward on Land Application" by Ellen Z. Harrison, September 20, 2002

The Case For Caution: Recommendations for Land Application of Sewage Sludges and An Appraisal of the US EPA's Part 503 Sludge Rules, by Ellen Z. Harrison, Murray B. McBride and David R. Bouldin
The Case For Caution is a 44- page report which presents an analysis of the US EPA's Part 503 Regulations governing the land application of sewage sludges (biosolids), a comparison to European standards, and recommendations. The authors suggest that the current federal regulations do not appear adequately protective of human health, agricultural productivity, or ecological health and recommend alternative limits. They support their case with research from a wide variety of sources including current work at Cornell University. It includes 12 tables and figures as well as 88 references. View at: http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/PDFS/Landapp.pdf

Response to the "Scientific Peer Review of the Case for Caution"
Comments from the Case for Caution authors responding to the Scientific Peer Review presented at the NY Water Federation Association in February 2002. View at: http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/Sludge/Response.htm

Land Application of Sewage Sludges is an excerpt from the 2006 Cornell Guide for Integrated Field Crop Management - Guidance developed for growers thinking about applying sludge to farm land. A Cornell Cooperative Extension publication. View at http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/sludge/Cornellguide2006.pdf

The Role of Municipalities in Regulating the Land Application of Sewage Sludges and Septage, by Ellen Z. Harrison and Malaika M. Eaton
This paper examines the legal and regulatory framework and analyzes current case law that bears on local authority to regulate land application of sludges. Examples of local ordinances and how they address particular concerns are described. The focus is on New York State, but the analysis is relevant to municipalities in other states. Published in the Natural Resources Journal, Vol 41, Winter 2001. Available free from CWMI. View at: http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/Sludge/Role.html

Using Organic Matter in the Garden
This publication describes some of the more familiar organic materials available to home gardeners, their effect on soil, plants, and soil life, and how they are commonly used. 2001.

Production of Sludge; Characteristics of Sludge; and Beneficial Uses of Sludge
Three elementary fact sheets produced by CWMI and Cornell Cooperative Extension of Nassau County. These describe sludges, their source, management and use. 1996. 4 pp. each. Click on titles for the pdf file.

Reprints of Articles and Papers, available from CWMI. (Click here for Abstracts)

• Aging and Temperature Effects on DOC and Elemental Release from a Metal Contaminated Soil. C.E. Martinez, A.R. Jacobson, M.B. McBride. 2003. Environmental Pollution, 122:135-143.
• Bioavailability and Crop Uptake of Trace Elements in Soil Columns Amended with Sewage Sludge Products. M.B. McBride, et al. 2003. Plant and Soil 262:71-84.
• Cadmium Concentration Limits in Agricultural Soils: Weaknesses in USEPA's Risk Assessment and the 503 Rule. M.B. McBride. 2003. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 9(3):661-674.
• Cadmium Sorption in Soils 25 Years after Amendment with Sewage Sludge. M.B. BcBride, K.A. Barrett, B. Kim, and B. Hale. 2006. Soil Science 17(1):21-28.
• Cadmium Update by Crops Estimated from Soil Total Cd and pH. M.B. McBride. 2002. Soil Science, 167:62–67.
• Chloride and Lithium Transport in Large Arrays of Undisturbed Silt Loam and Sandy Loam Soil Columns. M.S. Akhtar, T.S. Steenhuis, B.K. Richards, and M.B. McBride. 2003. Vadose Zone Journal, 2:715-727.
• Effect of Microbial Activity on Trace Element Release from Sewage Sludge. S. Qureshi, B. Richards, A. Hay, C. Tsai, M. McBride, P. Baveye, and T. Steenhuis. 2003. Enviornmental Science and Technology, 37(15):3361-3366.
• Effect of Processing Mode on Trace Elements in Dewatered Sludge Products. B.K. Richards, et al. 1997. Journal of Environmental Quality 26:782-788.
• Effect of Sludge Processing Mode, Soil Texture and Soil pH on Metal Mobility in Undisturbed Soil Columns Under Accelerated Loading. B.K. Richards, et al. 2000. Environmental Pollution 109(2)327-346.
• Environmental Impacts of Applying Manure, Fertilizer, and Sewage Biosolis on a Dairy Farm. B.K. Richards, et al. 2004. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 40(4):1025-1042.
• Growing Food Crops on Sludge-amended Soils: Problems with the US Environmental Protection Agency Methods of Estimating Toxic Metal Transfer. M.B. McBride. 1998. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Vol. 17(11) 2274-2281.
• Investigation of Alleged Health Incidents Associated with Land Application of Sewage Sludges. E.Z. Harrison, E., and S. Oakes. 2002. New Solutions Vol 12(4)387-408
• Land Application of Sewage Sludges: An Appraisal of the US Regulations. E.Z. Harrison, et al. 1999. Int. J. Environment and Pollution Vol. 11, No. 1.
• Mass Balance and Distribution of Sludge-borne Trace Elements in a Silt Loam Soil Following Long-term Applications of Sewage Sludge. P. Baveye, P. 1999. The Science of the Total Environment 227, 13-28.
• Metal Mobility at an Old, Heavily-loaded Sludge Application Site. B.K. Richards, et al. 1998. Environmental Pollution. Elsevier Applied Science, Essex, England
• Microbial Acidification and pH Effects on Trace Element Release from Sewage Sludge. S. Qureshi, B.K. Richards, T.S. Steenhuis, M.B. McBride, P. Baveye, S. Dousset. 2004. Environmental Pollution, 132(1):61-71.
• Mobility and Solubility of Toxic Metals and Nutrients in Soil 15 Years After Sludge Application. M.B. McBride, M.B., et al. 1997. Soil Science 162(7):487-500.
• Molybdenum Extractability in Soils and Uptake by Alfalfa 20 Years After Sewage Sludge Application. M.B. McBride and B. Hale. 2004. Soil Science 169(7):505-514.
• Molybdenum, Sulfur, and Other Trace Elements in Farm Soils and Forages After Sewage Sludge Application. M.B. McBride and J. Cherney. 2004. Communications in soil Science and Plant Analysis 35(3&4):517-535.
• Molybdenum Uptake by Forage Crops Grown on Sewage Sludge - Amended Soils in the Field and Greenhouse. M.B. McBride, et al. 2000. Journal of Environmental Quality 29:848-854.
• Movement of Heavy Metals Through Undisturbed and Homogenized Soil Columns. V.J. Camobreco, et al. 1996. Soil Science 161:740-750.
• Nonylphenol in Anaerobically Digested Sewage Sludge from New York State. S.W. Pryor, et al. 2002. Environmental Science and Technology, 36:3678-3682.
• Organic Chemicals in Sewage Sludges. E.Z. Harrison, S.R. Oakes, M. Hysell and A. Hay. 2006. Science of the Total Environment 367(2-3):481-497.
• Risk Perception, Risk Communication, and Stakeholder Involvement for Biosolids Management and Research. N. Beecher, et al. 2005. Journal of Environmental Quality 34:122-128.
• Role of Municipalities in Regulating the Land Application of Sewage. Sludges and Septage. E.A. Harrison and M. Eaton. 2001. Natural Resources Journal Vol 41, No. 1, Winter 2001.
• Septage Quality and its Effect on Field Life for Land Application, E.Z. Harrison and M. Moffe. 2003. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 39:87-97.
• Soluble Trace Metals in Alkaline Stabilized Sludge Products. M.B. McBride. 1998. Journal of Environmental Quality 27:578-584.
• Synthetic Fibers as an Indicator of Land Application of Sludges. K.A.V. Zubris and B.K. Richards. 2005. Environmental Pollution 138:201-211.
• Temperature and Microbial Activity Effects on Trace Element Leaching from Metalliferous Peats. S. Qureshi, et al. 2003. Journal of Environmental Quality, 32:2067-2075.
• Toxic Metal Accumulation from Agricultural Use of Sludge: Are U.S. EPA Regulations Protective? M.B. McBride. 1995. Journal of Environmental Quality 24:5-18.
• Toxic Metals in Sewage Sludge-Amended Soils: Has Promotion of Beneficial Use Discounted the Risks? M.B. McBride. 2003. Advances in Environmental Research 8:5-19.
• Trace Metal Accumulation by Red Clover Grown on Sewage Sludge-Amended Soils and Correlation to Mehlich 2 and Calcium Chloride-Extractabale Metals. M.B. McBride, et al. 2003. Soil Science 168:29-38.
• Trace Metal Extractability in Soils and Uptake by Bromegrass 20 Years After Sewage Sludge Application. M.B. McBride and L.J. Evans. 2002. Can. J. Soil Sci. 82:323–333.
• Trace Metal Retention in the Incorporation Zone of Land-applied Sludge. T.S. Steenhuis, et al. 1999. Environmental Science & Technology Vol. 33, No. 8, 1171-1174.
• Use of Sludges in Agriculture and Risk of Reduction of Crop Yields. D.R. Bouldin. Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Cornell University.
• Why Guidelines for Beneficial Use of Sludges in Agriculture are Different and Estimates of Alternatives. D.R. Bouldin. 1997. Soil Sciences Society of North Carolina Proceedings Vol. 40.
• Zinc-Sulfur and Cadmium-Sulfur Association in Metalliferous Peats: Evidence from Spectroscopy, Distribution Coefficients, and Phytaoavailability. C.E. Martinez, et al. 2002. Environmental Science and Technology 36:3683-3689

Sludge Land Application: Questions and Answers
Experts from academia, industry, and municipal government respond to over 80 questions about the land application of sewage sludges. 1996. View at: http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/Sludge/sludgeques.html

Other Resources

Project Summaries describes the recently completed or ongoing projects of CWMI. December 2003

Recycling Agricultural Plastics in New York State
A 30-page report just completed by the Cornell Environmental Risk Analysis Program and the Open Burning Group. March 2003

Packaging Waste: Whose Responsibility Is It Anyway?
Sponsored by the New York City Department of Sanitation, Bureau of Waste Prevention, Reuse and Recycling; the US EPA Region 2; and CWMI, the Roundtable was held to consider extended producer responsibility and how that might apply to reducing packaging wastes in New York City. 1998. View at: http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/PDFS/PDFS.html (or contact CWMI if unable to access).

Agricultural Waste Market Research Study for New York State
Cornell Cooperative Extension of St. Lawrence County, Cornell Waste Management Institute, NY State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC), and Resource Conservation and Development (RC&D) investigated the issue of LDPE agricultural plastic film waste in New York. The project's findings include available management options, management problems, and potential solutions. 1996. Available free (while suppy lasts) from CWMI. Click here for Press Release.

Winning When You Have Lost: Cutting Your Losses with Host Community Benefits
Fact Sheet/Viewpoint #5 provides information on compensation, citizens' advisory committees, public opinion surveys, negotiation tips, and more. 1993. 6 pp. Download the pdf file at: http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/WastRed/HCB5.pdf